Traffic Congestion in the Metropolitan City of Kolkata

There has been rapid urbanisation in the cities of India which has led to an increase in demand for mobility. Public transport has not been able to satisfy the transportation needs of the population leading to rise in vehicle ownership. The huge numbers of private vehicles, heterogeneous traffic and limited road space have led to the problem of congestion on the Indian city roads. The situation is no different in Kolkata. Kolkata has a high population density. The road space in Kolkata is only 6 per cent compared to Delhi and Mumbai, which have greater road space.

Analysis of Impact of Management Control Systems (MCS) on Productivity and Approach to Determining Strength of MCS for Road PPP Projects

Expectations that public–private partnerships (PPPs) in roads will alleviate time overruns and enhance project productivity in India have not materialised. Substantial delays in tackling the attendant risks in the life cycle of the road PPP have occurred presumably because of weak management control systems (MCS) to mitigate risks. Very little research has been done on the influence of MCS on productivity. This article attempts to establish a relationship between MCS and project productivity. A strength index of MCS to serve as a strategic control mechanism is also presented.

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